组合式精馏塔在甲烷氯化物装置精馏系统中的应用

通过对规整填料塔与板式塔的特点进行分析,运用规整填料的低压降、大通量、高效率等特点,以及板式塔的操作稳定性结合在甲烷氯化物精馏塔的改造,通过流程模拟结果及创新性的采用填料与塔板复合的型式,结合填料塔与浮阀塔各自优点形成组合塔,优化了精馏塔运行。     

Prism coupling method to evaluate the light extraction efficiency of outcoupling substrates

One of the key challenges in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for lighting applications is efficient light extraction from the planar, multi-layered OLED stack. Several different light extraction approaches are being explored currently by researchers, however characterizing light extraction films after fabricating OLEDs is not a viable approach when the outcoupling films have large surface roughness and is time consuming as well. Here we apply prism coupling method (PCM), a simple and elegant tool, to characterize outcoupling films. We show the effectiveness of PCM in estimating light extraction efficiency of outcoupling films. PCM can expedite selection and optimization of various light extraction approaches without the need to build OLEDs. The experimental results are corroborated by the optical simulations done using ray tracing method taking into account Mie scattering from wavelength sized spherical inclusions in an outcoupling film.     

刮膜式分子蒸馏器液体停留时间分布及壁面结构优化

在刮膜式分子蒸馏器中,可以通过液体的停留时间分布反映物料蒸发分离特性,研究其规律对改进蒸馏器内的流场结构、优化操作参数和装置的设计都具有重要意义。今采用计算流体力学的方法,建立三维CFD模型,研究了进料速率和转子转速对停留时间分布规律的影响,并且与实验值进行对比验证;对蒸馏器壁面进行了优化,包括水平圆环、倾斜圆环和网状圆环三种优化壁面,并且对其分别进行模拟计算和实验验证。模拟结果显示出与实验结果相同的规律。结果表明,在研究范围内,停留时间随着进料速率的增大而减小;随着转子转速的增大,停留时间先增大,达到一定转速后,停留时间反而减小。经过壁面优化以后,在相同的进料速率和转子转速下,水平圆环壁面和网状圆环壁面的停留时间得到延长,倾斜圆环壁面的停留时间适当缩短;壁面湍动程度增大,有利于传质传热,提高了分离效率。     

油田含油污泥处理技术研究进展

含油污泥处理是目前油田亟待解决的问题之一。介绍了国内外含油污泥处理技术的研究进展，主要处理技术有溶剂萃取处理技术、焚烧处理技术、热解处理技术、生物处理技术、调剖处理技术等，并介绍了国内部分油田的含油污泥处理工艺。     

换热网络中热口袋与精馏塔的热集成

在换热网络的总复合曲线上,当夹点之上出现内部局部热源或夹点之下出现内部局部热阱时会形成热口袋。通常热口袋中物流间相互换热,不需要公用工程提供热量。考虑将热口袋与精馏塔集成,以实现能量的多次梯级利用。针对精馏塔与热口袋的不同相对位置和热负荷状态,提出相应的6种集成方法。对某乙二醇装置换热网络中的热口袋与精馏塔的集成进行分析,提出集成优化方案,并使用Aspen HYSYS软件对优化前后的工艺参数进行模拟。案例分析结果表明,通过热口袋中热量的多次梯级利用,减少了装置的蒸汽用量,每年节省蒸汽费用8.52×106元,获得明显的节能和经济效益。     

Organic light-emitting diodes fabricated on recessed anodes for light extraction enhancement

Circular recesses have been fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes to enhance light extraction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The effects of recess depth and recess coverage ratio on the performance of a green OLED were systematically investigated. Results showed that the current efficiency could be enhanced from 40.7 cd/A of a planar device to 47.2 cd/A of the device with a recess depth of 100 nm and a recess coverage ratio of 14.1%. The enhanced light extraction by the recess wall effect was realized to be the major factor leading to the improved efficiency. The efficiency is however limited by the accompanying increase in electrical resistivity of the ITO films at deep recesses and high recess coverage ratios. Despite of the insignificant efficiency enhancement (up to 16%) in this study, this recessed ITO approach provides a simple architecture to enhance waveguide mode light extraction without adding an internal medium.     

A semicontinuous approach for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation processes

The separation of azeotropes has substantial energy and investment costs, and the available methods require high capital costs for reconstruction of process plants. As an alternative, a semicontinuous configuration that utilizes an existing plant with minor modifications has been explored. In this paper, a semicontinuous, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process is proposed and acetic acid dehydration process is used as a case study. To carry out the simulation work, Aspen HYSYS^® simulation software is used along with MATLAB^® and an interface program to handle the mode-transition of the semicontinuous process. Sensitivity analyses on operating parameters are performed to identify the process limits. Comparisons are made to conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation, and dividing-wall distillation column on the annual cost. The results proved that the semicontinuous system is the best setup in terms of total annual costs and energy requirements.     

Application of higher order spectral features and support vector machines for bearing faults classification

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings timely and accurately are very important to ensure the reliability of rotating machinery. This paper presents a novel pattern classification approach for bearings diagnostics, which combines the higher order spectra analysis features and support vector machine classifier. The use of non-linear features motivated by the higher order spectra has been reported to be a promising approach to analyze the non-linear and non-Gaussian characteristics of the mechanical vibration signals. The vibration bi-spectrum (third order spectrum) patterns are extracted as the feature vectors presenting different bearing faults. The extracted bi-spectrum features are subjected to principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction. These principal components were fed to support vector machine to distinguish four kinds of bearing faults covering different levels of severity for each fault type, which were measured in the experimental test bench running under different working conditions. In order to find the optimal parameters for the multi-class support vector machine model, a grid-search method in combination with 10-fold cross-validation has been used. Based on the correct classification of bearing patterns in the test set, in each fold the performance measures are computed. The average of these performance measures is computed to report the overall performance of the support vector machine classifier. In addition, in fault detection problems, the performance of a detection algorithm usually depends on the trade-off between robustness and sensitivity. The sensitivity and robustness of the proposed method are explored by running a series of experiments. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve made the results more convincing. The results indicated that the proposed method can reliably identify different fault patterns of rolling element bearings based on vibration signals.